Object
open class Object
kotlin.Any | |
↳ | java.lang.Object |
Class Object
is the root of the class hierarchy. Every class has Object
as a superclass. All objects, including arrays, implement the methods of this class.
Summary
Public constructors | |
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Object() Constructs a new object. |
Public methods | |
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open Boolean |
Indicates whether some other object is "equal to" this one. |
Class<*> |
getClass() Returns the runtime class of this |
open Int |
hashCode() Returns a hash code value for the object. |
Unit |
notify() Wakes up a single thread that is waiting on this object's monitor. |
Unit |
Wakes up all threads that are waiting on this object's monitor. |
open String |
toString() Returns a string representation of the object. |
Unit |
Causes the current thread to wait until it is awakened, typically by being notified or interrupted, or until a certain amount of real time has elapsed. |
Unit |
Causes the current thread to wait until it is awakened, typically by being notified or interrupted, or until a certain amount of real time has elapsed. |
Unit |
wait() Causes the current thread to wait until it is awakened, typically by being notified or interrupted. |
Protected methods | |
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open Any |
clone() Creates and returns a copy of this object. |
open Unit |
finalize() Called by the garbage collector on an object when garbage collection determines that there are no more references to the object. |
Public constructors
Public methods
equals
open fun equals(other: Any?): Boolean
Indicates whether some other object is "equal to" this one.
The equals
method implements an equivalence relation on non-null object references:
- It is reflexive: for any non-null reference value
x
,x.equals(x)
should returntrue
. - It is symmetric: for any non-null reference values
x
andy
,x.equals(y)
should returntrue
if and only ify.equals(x)
returnstrue
. - It is transitive: for any non-null reference values
x
,y
, andz
, ifx.equals(y)
returnstrue
andy.equals(z)
returnstrue
, thenx.equals(z)
should returntrue
. - It is consistent: for any non-null reference values
x
andy
, multiple invocations ofx.equals(y)
consistently returntrue
or consistently returnfalse
, provided no information used inequals
comparisons on the objects is modified. - For any non-null reference value
x
,x.equals(null)
should returnfalse
.
An equivalence relation partitions the elements it operates on into equivalence classes; all the members of an equivalence class are equal to each other. Members of an equivalence class are substitutable for each other, at least for some purposes.
Parameters | |
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obj |
the reference object with which to compare. |
Return | |
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Boolean |
true if this object is the same as the obj argument; false otherwise. |
See Also
getClass
fun getClass(): Class<*>
Returns the runtime class of this Object
. The returned Class
object is the object that is locked by static synchronized
methods of the represented class.
The actual result type is Class<? extends |X|>
where |X|
is the erasure of the static type of the expression on which getClass
is called. For example, no cast is required in this code fragment:
Number n = 0;
Class<? extends Number> c = n.getClass();
Return | |
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Class<*> |
The Class object that represents the runtime class of this object. |
hashCode
open fun hashCode(): Int
Returns a hash code value for the object. This method is supported for the benefit of hash tables such as those provided by java.util.HashMap
.
The general contract of hashCode
is:
- Whenever it is invoked on the same object more than once during an execution of a Java application, the
hashCode
method must consistently return the same integer, provided no information used inequals
comparisons on the object is modified. This integer need not remain consistent from one execution of an application to another execution of the same application. - If two objects are equal according to the
equals
method, then calling thehashCode
method on each of the two objects must produce the same integer result. - It is not required that if two objects are unequal according to the
equals
method, then calling thehashCode
method on each of the two objects must produce distinct integer results. However, the programmer should be aware that producing distinct integer results for unequal objects may improve the performance of hash tables.
Return | |
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Int |
a hash code value for this object. |
notify
fun notify(): Unit
Wakes up a single thread that is waiting on this object's monitor. If any threads are waiting on this object, one of them is chosen to be awakened. The choice is arbitrary and occurs at the discretion of the implementation. A thread waits on an object's monitor by calling one of the wait
methods.
The awakened thread will not be able to proceed until the current thread relinquishes the lock on this object. The awakened thread will compete in the usual manner with any other threads that might be actively competing to synchronize on this object; for example, the awakened thread enjoys no reliable privilege or disadvantage in being the next thread to lock this object.
This method should only be called by a thread that is the owner of this object's monitor. A thread becomes the owner of the object's monitor in one of three ways:
- By executing a synchronized instance method of that object.
- By executing the body of a
synchronized
statement that synchronizes on the object. - For objects of type
Class,
by executing a synchronized static method of that class.
Only one thread at a time can own an object's monitor.
Exceptions | |
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java.lang.IllegalMonitorStateException |
if the current thread is not the owner of this object's monitor. |
notifyAll
fun notifyAll(): Unit
Wakes up all threads that are waiting on this object's monitor. A thread waits on an object's monitor by calling one of the wait
methods.
The awakened threads will not be able to proceed until the current thread relinquishes the lock on this object. The awakened threads will compete in the usual manner with any other threads that might be actively competing to synchronize on this object; for example, the awakened threads enjoy no reliable privilege or disadvantage in being the next thread to lock this object.
This method should only be called by a thread that is the owner of this object's monitor. See the notify
method for a description of the ways in which a thread can become the owner of a monitor.
Exceptions | |
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java.lang.IllegalMonitorStateException |
if the current thread is not the owner of this object's monitor. |
toString
open fun toString(): String
Returns a string representation of the object.
Return | |
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String |
a string representation of the object. |
wait
fun wait(timeoutMillis: Long): Unit
Causes the current thread to wait until it is awakened, typically by being notified or interrupted, or until a certain amount of real time has elapsed.
In all respects, this method behaves as if wait(timeoutMillis, 0)
had been called. See the specification of the wait(long,int)
method for details.
Parameters | |
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timeoutMillis |
Long: the maximum time to wait, in milliseconds |
Exceptions | |
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java.lang.IllegalArgumentException |
if timeoutMillis is negative |
java.lang.IllegalMonitorStateException |
if the current thread is not the owner of the object's monitor |
java.lang.InterruptedException |
if any thread interrupted the current thread before or while the current thread was waiting. The interrupted status of the current thread is cleared when this exception is thrown. |
See Also
wait
fun wait(
timeoutMillis: Long,
nanos: Int
): Unit
Causes the current thread to wait until it is awakened, typically by being notified or interrupted, or until a certain amount of real time has elapsed.
The current thread must own this object's monitor lock. See the notify
method for a description of the ways in which a thread can become the owner of a monitor lock.
This method causes the current thread (referred to here as T) to place itself in the wait set for this object and then to relinquish any and all synchronization claims on this object. Note that only the locks on this object are relinquished; any other objects on which the current thread may be synchronized remain locked while the thread waits.
Thread T then becomes disabled for thread scheduling purposes and lies dormant until one of the following occurs:
- Some other thread invokes the
notify
method for this object and thread T happens to be arbitrarily chosen as the thread to be awakened. - Some other thread invokes the
notifyAll
method for this object. - Some other thread interrupts thread T.
- The specified amount of real time has elapsed, more or less. The amount of real time, in nanoseconds, is given by the expression
1000000 * timeoutMillis + nanos
. IftimeoutMillis
andnanos
are both zero, then real time is not taken into consideration and the thread waits until awakened by one of the other causes. - Thread T is awakened spuriously. (See below.)
The thread T is then removed from the wait set for this object and re-enabled for thread scheduling. It competes in the usual manner with other threads for the right to synchronize on the object; once it has regained control of the object, all its synchronization claims on the object are restored to the status quo ante - that is, to the situation as of the time that the wait
method was invoked. Thread T then returns from the invocation of the wait
method. Thus, on return from the wait
method, the synchronization state of the object and of thread T
is exactly as it was when the wait
method was invoked.
A thread can wake up without being notified, interrupted, or timing out, a so-called spurious wakeup. While this will rarely occur in practice, applications must guard against it by testing for the condition that should have caused the thread to be awakened, and continuing to wait if the condition is not satisfied. See the example below.
For more information on this topic, see section 14.2, "Condition Queues," in Brian Goetz and others' Java Concurrency in Practice (Addison-Wesley, 2006) or Item 69 in Joshua Bloch's Effective Java, Second Edition (Addison-Wesley, 2008).
If the current thread is interrupted by any thread before or while it is waiting, then an InterruptedException
is thrown. The interrupted status of the current thread is cleared when this exception is thrown. This exception is not thrown until the lock status of this object has been restored as described above.
Parameters | |
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timeoutMillis |
Long: the maximum time to wait, in milliseconds |
nanos |
Int: additional time, in nanoseconds, in the range 0-999999 inclusive |
Exceptions | |
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java.lang.IllegalArgumentException |
if timeoutMillis is negative, or if the value of nanos is out of range |
java.lang.IllegalMonitorStateException |
if the current thread is not the owner of the object's monitor |
java.lang.InterruptedException |
if any thread interrupted the current thread before or while the current thread was waiting. The interrupted status of the current thread is cleared when this exception is thrown. |
See Also
wait
fun wait(): Unit
Causes the current thread to wait until it is awakened, typically by being notified or interrupted.
In all respects, this method behaves as if wait(0L, 0)
had been called. See the specification of the wait(long,int)
method for details.
Exceptions | |
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java.lang.IllegalMonitorStateException |
if the current thread is not the owner of the object's monitor |
java.lang.InterruptedException |
if any thread interrupted the current thread before or while the current thread was waiting. The interrupted status of the current thread is cleared when this exception is thrown. |
See Also
Protected methods
clone
protected open fun clone(): Any
Creates and returns a copy of this object. The precise meaning of "copy" may depend on the class of the object. The general intent is that, for any object x
, the expression:
x.clone() != x
x.clone().getClass() == x.getClass()
true
, but these are not absolute requirements. While it is typically the case that:
x.clone().equals(x)
true
, this is not an absolute requirement.
By convention, the returned object should be obtained by calling super.clone
. If a class and all of its superclasses (except Object
) obey this convention, it will be the case that x.clone().getClass() == x.getClass()
.
By convention, the object returned by this method should be independent of this object (which is being cloned). To achieve this independence, it may be necessary to modify one or more fields of the object returned by super.clone
before returning it. Typically, this means copying any mutable objects that comprise the internal "deep structure" of the object being cloned and replacing the references to these objects with references to the copies. If a class contains only primitive fields or references to immutable objects, then it is usually the case that no fields in the object returned by super.clone
need to be modified.
Return | |
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Any |
a clone of this instance. |
Exceptions | |
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java.lang.CloneNotSupportedException |
if the object's class does not support the Cloneable interface. Subclasses that override the clone method can also throw this exception to indicate that an instance cannot be cloned. |
See Also
finalize
protected open fun finalize(): Unit
Called by the garbage collector on an object when garbage collection determines that there are no more references to the object. A subclass overrides the finalize
method to dispose of system resources or to perform other cleanup.
The general contract of finalize
is that it is invoked if and when the Java virtual machine has determined that there is no longer any means by which this object can be accessed by any thread that has not yet died, except as a result of an action taken by the finalization of some other object or class which is ready to be finalized. The finalize
method may take any action, including making this object available again to other threads; the usual purpose of finalize
, however, is to perform cleanup actions before the object is irrevocably discarded. For example, the finalize method for an object that represents an input/output connection might perform explicit I/O transactions to break the connection before the object is permanently discarded.
The finalize
method of class Object
performs no special action; it simply returns normally. Subclasses of Object
may override this definition.
The Java programming language does not guarantee which thread will invoke the finalize
method for any given object. It is guaranteed, however, that the thread that invokes finalize will not be holding any user-visible synchronization locks when finalize is invoked. If an uncaught exception is thrown by the finalize method, the exception is ignored and finalization of that object terminates.
After the finalize
method has been invoked for an object, no further action is taken until the Java virtual machine has again determined that there is no longer any means by which this object can be accessed by any thread that has not yet died, including possible actions by other objects or classes which are ready to be finalized, at which point the object may be discarded.
The finalize
method is never invoked more than once by a Java virtual machine for any given object.
Any exception thrown by the finalize
method causes the finalization of this object to be halted, but is otherwise ignored.
Exceptions | |
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java.lang.Throwable |
the Exception raised by this method |