Migrate Camera1 to CameraX

// Camera1: select a camera from id.

// Note: opening the camera is a non-trivial task, and it shouldn't be
// called from the main thread, unlike CameraX calls, which can be
// on the main thread since CameraX kicks off background threads
// internally as needed.

private fun safeCameraOpen(id: Int): Boolean {
    return try {
        releaseCameraAndPreview()
        camera = Camera.open(id)
        true
    } catch (e: Exception) {
        Log.e(TAG, "failed to open camera", e)
        false
    }
}

private fun releaseCameraAndPreview() {
    preview?.setCamera(null)
    camera?.release()
    camera = null
}

// CameraX: select a camera with CameraController

var cameraController = LifecycleCameraController(baseContext)
val selector = CameraSelector.Builder()
    .requireLensFacing(CameraSelector.LENS_FACING_BACK).build()
cameraController.cameraSelector = selector

// CameraX: select a camera with CameraProvider.

// Use await() within a suspend function to get CameraProvider instance.
// For more details on await(), see the "Android development concepts"
// section above.
private suspend fun startCamera() {
    val cameraProvider = ProcessCameraProvider.getInstance(this).await()

    // Set up UseCases (more on UseCases in later scenarios)
    var useCases:Array = ...

    // Set the cameraSelector to use the default front-facing (selfie)
    // camera.
    val cameraSelector = CameraSelector.DEFAULT_FRONT_CAMERA

    try {
        // Unbind UseCases before rebinding.
        cameraProvider.unbindAll()

        // Bind UseCases to camera. This function returns a camera
        // object which can be used to perform operations like zoom,
        // flash, and focus.
        var camera = cameraProvider.bindToLifecycle(
            this, cameraSelector, useCases)

    } catch(exc: Exception) {
        Log.e(TAG, "UseCase binding failed", exc)
    }
})

...

// Call startCamera in the setup flow of your app, such as in onViewCreated.
override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
    super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState)

    ...

    lifecycleScope.launch {
        startCamera()
    }
}

// CameraX: get a cameraSelector for first camera that matches the criteria
// defined in checkFocalLength().

val cameraInfo = cameraProvider.getAvailableCameraInfos()
    .first { cameraInfo ->
        val focalLengths = Camera2CameraInfo.from(cameraInfo)
            .getCameraCharacteristic(
                CameraCharacteristics.LENS_INFO_AVAILABLE_FOCAL_LENGTHS
            )
        return checkFocalLength(focalLengths)
    }
val cameraSelector = cameraInfo.getCameraSelector()

// Camera1: set up a camera preview.

class Preview(
        context: Context,
        private val camera: Camera
) : SurfaceView(context), SurfaceHolder.Callback {

    private val holder: SurfaceHolder = holder.apply {
        addCallback(this@Preview)
        setType(SurfaceHolder.SURFACE_TYPE_PUSH_BUFFERS)
    }

    override fun surfaceCreated(holder: SurfaceHolder) {
        // The Surface has been created, now tell the camera
        // where to draw the preview.
        camera.apply {
            try {
                setPreviewDisplay(holder)
                startPreview()
            } catch (e: IOException) {
                Log.d(TAG, "error setting camera preview", e)
            }
        }
    }

    override fun surfaceDestroyed(holder: SurfaceHolder) {
        // Take care of releasing the Camera preview in your activity.
    }

    override fun surfaceChanged(holder: SurfaceHolder, format: Int,
                                w: Int, h: Int) {
        // If your preview can change or rotate, take care of those
        // events here. Make sure to stop the preview before resizing
        // or reformatting it.
        if (holder.surface == null) {
            return  // The preview surface does not exist.
        }

        // Stop preview before making changes.
        try {
            camera.stopPreview()
        } catch (e: Exception) {
            // Tried to stop a non-existent preview; nothing to do.
        }

        // Set preview size and make any resize, rotate or
        // reformatting changes here.

        // Start preview with new settings.
        camera.apply {
            try {
                setPreviewDisplay(holder)
                startPreview()
            } catch (e: Exception) {
                Log.d(TAG, "error starting camera preview", e)
            }
        }
    }
}

class CameraActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
    private lateinit var viewBinding: ActivityMainBinding
    private var camera: Camera? = null
    private var preview: Preview? = null

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        viewBinding = ActivityMainBinding.inflate(layoutInflater)
        setContentView(viewBinding.root)

        // Create an instance of Camera.
        camera = getCameraInstance()

        preview = camera?.let {
            // Create the Preview view.
            Preview(this, it)
        }

        // Set the Preview view as the content of the activity.
        val cameraPreview: FrameLayout = viewBinding.cameraPreview
        cameraPreview.addView(preview)
    }
}

// CameraX: set up a camera preview with a CameraController.

class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
    private lateinit var viewBinding: ActivityMainBinding

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        viewBinding = ActivityMainBinding.inflate(layoutInflater)
        setContentView(viewBinding.root)

        // Create the CameraController and set it on the previewView.
        var cameraController = LifecycleCameraController(baseContext)
        cameraController.bindToLifecycle(this)
        val previewView: PreviewView = viewBinding.cameraPreview
        previewView.controller = cameraController
    }
}

// CameraX: set up a camera preview with a CameraProvider.

// Use await() within a suspend function to get CameraProvider instance.
// For more details on await(), see the "Android development concepts"
// section above.
private suspend fun startCamera() {
    val cameraProvider = ProcessCameraProvider.getInstance(this).await()

    // Create Preview UseCase.
    val preview = Preview.Builder()
        .build()
        .also {
            it.setSurfaceProvider(
                viewBinding.viewFinder.surfaceProvider
            )
        }

    // Select default back camera.
    val cameraSelector = CameraSelector.DEFAULT_BACK_CAMERA

    try {
        // Unbind UseCases before rebinding.
        cameraProvider.unbindAll()

        // Bind UseCases to camera. This function returns a camera
        // object which can be used to perform operations like zoom,
        // flash, and focus.
        var camera = cameraProvider.bindToLifecycle(
            this, cameraSelector, useCases)

    } catch(exc: Exception) {
        Log.e(TAG, "UseCase binding failed", exc)
    }
})

...

// Call startCamera() in the setup flow of your app, such as in onViewCreated.
override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
    super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState)

    ...

    lifecycleScope.launch {
        startCamera()
    }
}

// Camera1: implement tap-to-focus.

class TapToFocusHandler : Camera.AutoFocusCallback {
    private fun handleFocus(event: MotionEvent) {
        val camera = camera ?: return
        val parameters = try {
            camera.getParameters()
        } catch (e: RuntimeException) {
            return
        }

        // Cancel previous auto-focus function, if one was in progress.
        camera.cancelAutoFocus()

        // Create focus Area.
        val rect = calculateFocusAreaCoordinates(event.x, event.y)
        val weight = 1  // This value's not important since there's only 1 Area.
        val focusArea = Camera.Area(rect, weight)

        // Set the focus parameters.
        parameters.setFocusMode(Parameters.FOCUS_MODE_AUTO)
        parameters.setFocusAreas(listOf(focusArea))

        // Set the parameters back on the camera and initiate auto-focus.
        camera.setParameters(parameters)
        camera.autoFocus(this)
    }

    private fun calculateFocusAreaCoordinates(x: Int, y: Int) {
        // Define the size of the Area to be returned. This value
        // should be optimized for your app.
        val focusAreaSize = 100

        // You must define functions to rotate and scale the x and y values to
        // be values between 0 and 1, where (0, 0) is the upper left-hand side
        // of the preview, and (1, 1) is the lower right-hand side.
        val normalizedX = (rotateAndScaleX(x) - 0.5) * 2000
        val normalizedY = (rotateAndScaleY(y) - 0.5) * 2000

        // Calculate the values for left, top, right, and bottom of the Rect to
        // be returned. If the Rect would extend beyond the allowed values of
        // (-1000, -1000, 1000, 1000), then crop the values to fit inside of
        // that boundary.
        val left = max(normalizedX - (focusAreaSize / 2), -1000)
        val top = max(normalizedY - (focusAreaSize / 2), -1000)
        val right = min(left + focusAreaSize, 1000)
        val bottom = min(top + focusAreaSize, 1000)

        return Rect(left, top, left + focusAreaSize, top + focusAreaSize)
    }

    override fun onAutoFocus(focused: Boolean, camera: Camera) {
        if (!focused) {
            Log.d(TAG, "tap-to-focus failed")
        }
    }
}

// CameraX: track the state of tap-to-focus over the Lifecycle of a PreviewView,
// with handlers you can define for focused, not focused, and failed states.

val tapToFocusStateObserver = Observer { state ->
    when (state) {
        CameraController.TAP_TO_FOCUS_NOT_STARTED ->
            Log.d(TAG, "tap-to-focus init")
        CameraController.TAP_TO_FOCUS_STARTED ->
            Log.d(TAG, "tap-to-focus started")
        CameraController.TAP_TO_FOCUS_FOCUSED ->
            Log.d(TAG, "tap-to-focus finished (focus successful)")
        CameraController.TAP_TO_FOCUS_NOT_FOCUSED ->
            Log.d(TAG, "tap-to-focus finished (focused unsuccessful)")
        CameraController.TAP_TO_FOCUS_FAILED ->
            Log.d(TAG, "tap-to-focus failed")
    }
}

cameraController.getTapToFocusState().observe(this, tapToFocusStateObserver)

// CameraX: implement tap-to-focus with CameraProvider.

// Define a gesture detector to respond to tap events and call
// startFocusAndMetering on CameraControl. If you want to use a
// coroutine with await() to check the result of focusing, see the
// "Android development concepts" section above.
val gestureDetector = GestureDetectorCompat(context,
    object : SimpleOnGestureListener() {
        override fun onSingleTapUp(e: MotionEvent): Boolean {
            val previewView = previewView ?: return
            val camera = camera ?: return
            val meteringPointFactory = previewView.meteringPointFactory
            val focusPoint = meteringPointFactory.createPoint(e.x, e.y)
            val meteringAction = FocusMeteringAction
                .Builder(meteringPoint).build()
            lifecycleScope.launch {
                val focusResult = camera.cameraControl
                    .startFocusAndMetering(meteringAction).await()
                if (!result.isFocusSuccessful()) {
                    Log.d(TAG, "tap-to-focus failed")
                }
            }
        }
    }
)

...

// Set the gestureDetector in a touch listener on the PreviewView.
previewView.setOnTouchListener { _, event ->
    // See pinch-to-zooom scenario for scaleGestureDetector definition.
    var didConsume = scaleGestureDetector.onTouchEvent(event)
    if (!scaleGestureDetector.isInProgress) {
        didConsume = gestureDetector.onTouchEvent(event)
    }
    didConsume
}

// Camera1: implement pinch-to-zoom.

// Define a scale gesture detector to respond to pinch events and call
// setZoom on Camera.Parameters.
val scaleGestureDetector = ScaleGestureDetector(context,
    object : ScaleGestureDetector.OnScaleGestureListener {
        override fun onScale(detector: ScaleGestureDetector): Boolean {
            val camera = camera ?: return false
            val parameters = try {
                camera.parameters
            } catch (e: RuntimeException) {
                return false
            }

            // In case there is any focus happening, stop it.
            camera.cancelAutoFocus()

            // Set the zoom level on the Camera.Parameters, and set
            // the Parameters back onto the Camera.
            val currentZoom = parameters.zoom
            parameters.setZoom(detector.scaleFactor * currentZoom)
        camera.setParameters(parameters)
            return true
        }
    }
)

// Define a View.OnTouchListener to attach to your preview view.
class ZoomTouchListener : View.OnTouchListener {
    override fun onTouch(v: View, event: MotionEvent): Boolean =
        scaleGestureDetector.onTouchEvent(event)
}

// Set a ZoomTouchListener to handle touch events on your preview view
// if zoom is supported by the current camera.
if (camera.getParameters().isZoomSupported()) {
    view.setOnTouchListener(ZoomTouchListener())
}

// CameraX: track the state of pinch-to-zoom over the Lifecycle of
// a PreviewView, logging the linear zoom ratio.

val pinchToZoomStateObserver = Observer { state ->
    val zoomRatio = state.getZoomRatio()
    Log.d(TAG, "ptz-zoom-ratio $zoomRatio")
}

cameraController.getZoomState().observe(this, pinchToZoomStateObserver)

// CameraX: implement pinch-to-zoom with CameraProvider.

// Define a scale gesture detector to respond to pinch events and call
// setZoomRatio on CameraControl.
val scaleGestureDetector = ScaleGestureDetector(context,
    object : SimpleOnGestureListener() {
        override fun onScale(detector: ScaleGestureDetector): Boolean {
            val camera = camera ?: return
            val zoomState = camera.cameraInfo.zoomState
            val currentZoomRatio: Float = zoomState.value?.zoomRatio ?: 1f
            camera.cameraControl.setZoomRatio(
                detector.scaleFactor * currentZoomRatio
            )
        }
    }
)

...

// Set the scaleGestureDetector in a touch listener on the PreviewView.
previewView.setOnTouchListener { _, event ->
    var didConsume = scaleGestureDetector.onTouchEvent(event)
    if (!scaleGestureDetector.isInProgress) {
        // See pinch-to-zooom scenario for gestureDetector definition.
        didConsume = gestureDetector.onTouchEvent(event)
    }
    didConsume
}

// Camera1: define a Camera.PictureCallback to handle JPEG data.

private val picture = Camera.PictureCallback { data, _ ->
    val pictureFile: File = getOutputMediaFile(MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE) ?: run {
        Log.d(TAG,
              "error creating media file, check storage permissions")
        return@PictureCallback
    }

    try {
        val fos = FileOutputStream(pictureFile)
        fos.write(data)
        fos.close()
    } catch (e: FileNotFoundException) {
        Log.d(TAG, "file not found", e)
    } catch (e: IOException) {
        Log.d(TAG, "error accessing file", e)
    }
}

// Camera1: call takePicture on Camera instance, passing our PictureCallback.

camera?.takePicture(null, null, picture)

// CameraX: define a function that uses CameraController to take a photo.

private val FILENAME_FORMAT = "yyyy-MM-dd-HH-mm-ss-SSS"

private fun takePhoto() {
   // Create time stamped name and MediaStore entry.
   val name = SimpleDateFormat(FILENAME_FORMAT, Locale.US)
              .format(System.currentTimeMillis())
   val contentValues = ContentValues().apply {
       put(MediaStore.MediaColumns.DISPLAY_NAME, name)
       put(MediaStore.MediaColumns.MIME_TYPE, "image/jpeg")
       if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > Build.VERSION_CODES.P) {
           put(MediaStore.Images.Media.RELATIVE_PATH, "Pictures/CameraX-Image")
       }
   }

   // Create output options object which contains file + metadata.
   val outputOptions = ImageCapture.OutputFileOptions
       .Builder(context.getContentResolver(),
            MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, contentValues)
       .build()

   // Set up image capture listener, which is triggered after photo has
   // been taken.
   cameraController.takePicture(
       outputOptions,
       ContextCompat.getMainExecutor(this),
       object : ImageCapture.OnImageSavedCallback {
           override fun onError(e: ImageCaptureException) {
               Log.e(TAG, "photo capture failed", e)
           }

           override fun onImageSaved(
               output: ImageCapture.OutputFileResults
           ) {
               val msg = "Photo capture succeeded: ${output.savedUri}"
               Toast.makeText(baseContext, msg, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
               Log.d(TAG, msg)
           }
       }
   )
}

// CameraX: create and bind an ImageCapture UseCase.

// Make a reference to the ImageCapture UseCase at a scope that can be accessed
// throughout the camera logic in your app.
private var imageCapture: ImageCapture? = null

...

// Create an ImageCapture instance (can be added with other
// UseCase definitions).
imageCapture = ImageCapture.Builder().build()

...

// Bind UseCases to camera (adding imageCapture along with preview here, but
// preview is not required to use imageCapture). This function returns a camera
// object which can be used to perform operations like zoom, flash, and focus.
var camera = cameraProvider.bindToLifecycle(
    this, cameraSelector, preview, imageCapture)

// CameraX: define a function that uses CameraController to take a photo.

private fun takePhoto() {
    // Get a stable reference of the modifiable ImageCapture UseCase.
    val imageCapture = imageCapture ?: return

    ...

    // Call takePicture on imageCapture instance.
    imageCapture.takePicture(
        ...
    )
}

// Camera1: set up a MediaRecorder and a function to start and stop video
// recording.

// Make a reference to the MediaRecorder at a scope that can be accessed
// throughout the camera logic in your app.
private var mediaRecorder: MediaRecorder? = null
private var isRecording = false

...

private fun prepareMediaRecorder(): Boolean {
    mediaRecorder = MediaRecorder()

    // Unlock and set camera to MediaRecorder.
    camera?.unlock()

    mediaRecorder?.run {
        setCamera(camera)

        // Set the audio and video sources.
        setAudioSource(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.CAMCORDER)
        setVideoSource(MediaRecorder.VideoSource.CAMERA)

        // Set a CamcorderProfile (requires API Level 8 or higher).
        setProfile(CamcorderProfile.get(CamcorderProfile.QUALITY_HIGH))

        // Set the output file.
        setOutputFile(getOutputMediaFile(MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO).toString())

        // Set the preview output.
        setPreviewDisplay(preview?.holder?.surface)

        setOutputFormat(MediaRecorder.OutputFormat.MPEG_4)
        setAudioEncoder(MediaRecorder.AudioEncoder.DEFAULT)
        setVideoEncoder(MediaRecorder.VideoEncoder.DEFAULT)

        // Prepare configured MediaRecorder.
        return try {
            prepare()
            true
        } catch (e: IllegalStateException) {
            Log.d(TAG, "preparing MediaRecorder failed", e)
            releaseMediaRecorder()
            false
        } catch (e: IOException) {
            Log.d(TAG, "setting MediaRecorder file failed", e)
            releaseMediaRecorder()
            false
        }
    }
    return false
}

private fun releaseMediaRecorder() {
    mediaRecorder?.reset()
    mediaRecorder?.release()
    mediaRecorder = null
    camera?.lock()
}

private fun startStopVideo() {
    if (isRecording) {
        // Stop recording and release camera.
        mediaRecorder?.stop()
        releaseMediaRecorder()
        camera?.lock()
        isRecording = false

        // This is a good place to inform user that video recording has stopped.
    } else {
        // Initialize video camera.
        if (prepareVideoRecorder()) {
            // Camera is available and unlocked, MediaRecorder is prepared, now
            // you can start recording.
            mediaRecorder?.start()
            isRecording = true

            // This is a good place to inform the user that recording has
            // started.
        } else {
            // Prepare didn't work, release the camera.
            releaseMediaRecorder()

            // Inform user here.
        }
    }
}

// CameraX: Enable VideoCapture UseCase on CameraController.

cameraController.setEnabledUseCases(VIDEO_CAPTURE);

// CameraX: implement video capture with CameraController.

private val FILENAME_FORMAT = "yyyy-MM-dd-HH-mm-ss-SSS"

// Define a VideoSaveCallback class for handling success and error states.
class VideoSaveCallback : OnVideoSavedCallback {
    override fun onVideoSaved(outputFileResults: OutputFileResults) {
        val msg = "Video capture succeeded: ${outputFileResults.savedUri}"
        Toast.makeText(baseContext, msg, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
        Log.d(TAG, msg)
    }

    override fun onError(videoCaptureError: Int, message: String,
                         cause: Throwable?) {
        Log.d(TAG, "error saving video: $message", cause)
    }
}

private fun startStopVideo() {
    if (cameraController.isRecording()) {
        // Stop the current recording session.
        cameraController.stopRecording()
        return
    }

    // Define the File options for saving the video.
    val name = SimpleDateFormat(FILENAME_FORMAT, Locale.US)
        .format(System.currentTimeMillis())

    val outputFileOptions = OutputFileOptions
        .Builder(File(this.filesDir, name))
        .build()

    // Call startRecording on the CameraController.
    cameraController.startRecording(
        outputFileOptions,
        ContextCompat.getMainExecutor(this),
        VideoSaveCallback()
    )
}

// CameraX: create and bind a VideoCapture UseCase with CameraProvider.

// Make a reference to the VideoCapture UseCase and Recording at a
// scope that can be accessed throughout the camera logic in your app.
private lateinit var videoCapture: VideoCapture
private var recording: Recording? = null

...

// Create a Recorder instance to set on a VideoCapture instance (can be
// added with other UseCase definitions).
val recorder = Recorder.Builder()
    .setQualitySelector(QualitySelector.from(Quality.FHD))
    .build()
videoCapture = VideoCapture.withOutput(recorder)

...

// Bind UseCases to camera (adding videoCapture along with preview here, but
// preview is not required to use videoCapture). This function returns a camera
// object which can be used to perform operations like zoom, flash, and focus.
var camera = cameraProvider.bindToLifecycle(
    this, cameraSelector, preview, videoCapture)

// CameraX: implement video capture with CameraProvider.

private val FILENAME_FORMAT = "yyyy-MM-dd-HH-mm-ss-SSS"

private fun startStopVideo() {
   val videoCapture = this.videoCapture ?: return

   if (recording != null) {
       // Stop the current recording session.
       recording.stop()
       recording = null
       return
   }

   // Create and start a new recording session.
   val name = SimpleDateFormat(FILENAME_FORMAT, Locale.US)
       .format(System.currentTimeMillis())
   val contentValues = ContentValues().apply {
       put(MediaStore.MediaColumns.DISPLAY_NAME, name)
       put(MediaStore.MediaColumns.MIME_TYPE, "video/mp4")
       if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > Build.VERSION_CODES.P) {
           put(MediaStore.Video.Media.RELATIVE_PATH, "Movies/CameraX-Video")
       }
   }

   val mediaStoreOutputOptions = MediaStoreOutputOptions
       .Builder(contentResolver, MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI)
       .setContentValues(contentValues)
       .build()

   recording = videoCapture.output
       .prepareRecording(this, mediaStoreOutputOptions)
       .withAudioEnabled()
       .start(ContextCompat.getMainExecutor(this)) { recordEvent ->
           when(recordEvent) {
               is VideoRecordEvent.Start -> {
                   viewBinding.videoCaptureButton.apply {
                       text = getString(R.string.stop_capture)
                       isEnabled = true
                   }
               }
               is VideoRecordEvent.Finalize -> {
                   if (!recordEvent.hasError()) {
                       val msg = "Video capture succeeded: " +
                           "${recordEvent.outputResults.outputUri}"
                       Toast.makeText(
                           baseContext, msg, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT
                       ).show()
                       Log.d(TAG, msg)
                   } else {
                       recording?.close()
                       recording = null
                       Log.e(TAG, "video capture ends with error",
                             recordEvent.error)
                   }
                   viewBinding.videoCaptureButton.apply {
                       text = getString(R.string.start_capture)
                       isEnabled = true
                   }
               }
           }
       }
}